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  • 10 Practical Uses
  • Overview
    • Overview pg 2- Diamagnetic (non-magnetic) Gems
    • Overview pg 3- Factors that Affect Magnetism
    • Overview pg 4- The Magnetic Metals that Color Gems
    • Overview pg 5- Spectroscopy in Relation to Magnetism
    • Overview pg 6- Fluorescene in Relation to Magnetism
    • Overview pg 7- Quantitative Measurements of Magnetism
  • How To Use a Magnet
    • How To pg 2- Floatation Method and Direct Method
    • How To pg 3- Factors That Affect Magnetic Responses
    • How To pg 4- Translucent and Opaque Gems that Pick Up
    • How To pg 5- Separating Look-alike Gems
    • How To pg 6- Magnetic Separation Chart for Look-alike Gems
  • Diamond
  • Sapphire & Ruby
    • Sapphire & Ruby pg 2- Ruby
  • Spinel
    • Spinel pg 2- Red Spinel, Pink Spinel & Other Colors
    • Spinel pg 3- Synthetic Spinel
  • Tourmaline
    • Tourmaline pg 2- Black, Orange, Blue, Green Tourmalines
    • Tourmalines pg 3- Pink, Red, Yellow and Other Colors
    • Tourmalines pg 4- Paraiba Tourmalines
  • Garnet
    • Garnet pg 2- Understanding Garnets through Magnetism
    • Garnet pg 3- How Magnetic Are Garnets?
    • Garnet pg 4- A Rainbow of Color in Garnets
    • Garnet pg 5- A Graph of All Gem Garnets
      • 1958 Winchell Diagram
    • Garnet pg 6- Pyralspite Garnets: Almandine, Pyrope & Spessartine
    • Garnet pg 7- Color Change Garnet
    • Garnet pg 8- Malaya Garnet
    • Garnet pg 9- Pastel Pyrope: A New Variety
    • Garnet pg 10- Rhodolite & Chrome Pyrope
    • Garnet pg 11- Ugrandite Garnets: Andradite & Uvarovite
    • Garnet pg 12- Ugrandite Garnets: Grossular Garnet
    • Garnet pg 13- Distinguishing Between Garnet Species and Varieites
    • Garnets pg 14- Synthetic Garnets
    • Garnet pg 15- Gem Garnet Classification System
  • Axinite
    • Axinite pg 2- Ferroaxinite & Manganaxinite
    • Axinite pg 3- Magnesioaxinite, Tinzenite, Questions of Color
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  • Magnetic Susc. Index
    • Magnetic Index pg. 2- About the Magnetic Susceptibility Index
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The Winchell diagram for Garnets shown below was published by Dr. Horace Winchell in the May 1958 issue of the American Mineralogist. The diagram shows species abbreviations at the end member apexes, and plots refractive index against the unit cell length of a Garnet.


A unit cell is the smallest divisible unit of a mineral that possesses the symmetry and properties of the mineral. Unit cell length can be measured via X-ray diffraction.

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1958 Winchell Diagram

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                Magnetism in Gemstones

                      An Effective Tool and Method for Gem Identification

                               Kirk Feral

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